Asymmetry in Sprinting
The myth of perfect balance in elite performance.
This study, published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science in 2025, explores the conventional belief that perfect symmetry is essential for optimal sprinting performance. The research provides insights into the role of asymmetry in elite sprinting and its implications for training and performance optimisation.
PMID: 39827988
Key Points
Asymmetry is inherent in human movement and not necessarily detrimental to sprint performance.
World-class sprinters exhibit low-to-moderate asymmetry without significant impact on overall performance.
Usain Bolt, the fastest man in history, demonstrates functional asymmetry in his sprinting technique.
The focus should shift from achieving perfect symmetry to addressing functional deficits and optimising individual biomechanics.
Aim and Methods
The study aimed to reevaluate the importance of symmetry in sprinting performance. It analysed biomechanical data from the 2017 IAAF 100-meter Finals, examining 33 kinematic variables across a stride cycle at maximum velocity.
Results
World-class sprinters naturally exhibit low-to-moderate asymmetry patterns that vary among athletes and across gait phases.
Asymmetry percentages ranged from 2.2% ± 1.8% at toe-off to 30.0% ± 26.4% at touchdown.
Usain Bolt's case study revealed a 13% greater force in his right leg strike and 14% longer ground contact time for his left leg.
Practical Takeaways
Embrace individual biomechanics: Instead of striving for perfect symmetry, optimise your unique running style.
Address modifiable factors: Improve strength imbalances, neuromuscular coordination, and running mechanics.
Holistic assessment: Consider real-world dynamics and environmental factors when evaluating asymmetry and performance.
Functional approach: Prioritise functionality and resilience over symmetry in training programs.
Monitor progress carefully: When tracking inter-limb asymmetries, analyse raw values to ensure overall improvement rather than decline in both limbs.
Key Takeaways
The study challenges the myth of perfect symmetry in sprinting, suggesting that asymmetry is a natural and potentially functional aspect of human performance. Instead of pursuing flawless balance, athletes, and coaches should focus on optimising individual biomechanics, addressing modifiable factors, and enhancing overall functionality. This approach may lead to improved performance and reduced injury risk while respecting each athlete's unique physical characteristics.
Reference
Girard O. Asymmetry in sprinting: The myth of perfection and the reality of performance. J Sport Health Sci. 2025 Jan 17:101025. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101025. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39827988.